Advisor Value ‘Adds’

Nevin E. Adams, Jr. 

Most of the attempts to affix a value to having an advisor tend to focus on investment returns or cost savings. Both are valid, objective measures that can have a real, substantive impact on retirement security—but, at least with the best advisors—there’s usually more.

Indeed, years ago as a fiduciary of another firm’s 401(k) plan, and while I had always felt comfortable with the decisions the plan committee had made, as our little company grew to be less little, I was increasingly aware of the personal liability associated with my role, and the small amount of time I was able to dedicate to the task alongside my “day job.” 

That advisor delivered in all the ways I had hoped he would—but there was value well beyond that in terms of the structure he brought not only to our discussions, but to our process. Things like:

The Discipline to Meet

Internally driven committee meetings are frequently a casualty of whatever crisis emerges on any particular day. As human beings we are wont either to assume that nothing will happen unless we are present, or that because others will be there, our voice isn’t required.

Having a committee and not having committee meetings is potentially worse than not having a committee at all. In the latter case, at least ostensibly you know who is supposed to be making the decisions. But if there is a group charged with overseeing the activities of the plan, and that group doesn’t meet, then one might well assume that the plan is not being properly managed, or that the plan’s activities and providers are not prudently managed and monitored, as the law requires.

However, the presence of an outside advisor helps bring a seriousness both to the gathering itself and the agenda.

The Discipline to Educate

Individuals are chosen to be on these committees for a variety of reasons, some better (and some much better) than others. But the first thing our advisor did at that first committee meeting was to acquaint the members with what was expected of them. That included the requirement to act solely in the interests of plan participants and beneficiaries, the importance of process (and documenting that process), and the implications of the prudent expert rule.

It also included reminders that by being on this committee they were a fiduciary under ERISA, that that brought with it personal liability (and, in our case, how the company had chosen to insure them), and that each of us was responsible for the actions of other plan fiduciaries. 

Sure, I could have delivered all those messages—but it meant a lot more coming from that external, expert resource.

The Discipline to Establish an Investment Policy Statement

While I have known attorneys who have counseled against having a written investment policy statement (IPS), I can’t recall a plan advisor of my acquaintance who wouldn’t insist on it (I may now hear from some, of course). ERISA doesn’t require one—and some lawyers see it as a smoking gun (if you don’t follow its terms, it certainly can be). But in its best form it establishes investment guidelines for the plan—and plan fiduciaries, and plan advisors in particular, will generally find it easier to conduct the plan’s investment business in accordance with a set of established, prudent standards if those standards are in writing. And in writing crafted in the objective, cold, clear light of day, rather than in the throes of tumultuous market (or plan) conditions.

In sum, you want an IPS in place before you need an IPS in place—and in my experience any advisor worth their salt will demand that as a starting point.

The Discipline to Remove Funds

As human beings we are largely predisposed to leaving things the way they are, rather than making abrupt and dramatic change. Whether this “inertia” comes from a fear of the unknown, a certain laziness about the extra work that might be required, or a sense that advocating change suggests an admission that there was something “wrong” before, it seems fair to say that plan fiduciaries are, in the absence of a compelling reason for change, inclined to rationalize staying put.

As a consequence, you routinely see new fund options added, while old and unsatisfactory funds linger on the plan menu, a general reluctance to undertake an evaluation of long-standing providers in the absence of severe service issues, and an overall inertia when it comes to adopting potentially disruptive plan features like automatic enrollment or deferral acceleration.

Whether or not the plan has an official IPS, plan fiduciaries are expected to conduct a review of the plan’s investment options as though they do. Sooner or later, that review will turn up a fund (or two) that no longer meets the criteria established for the plan. Oh, and make no mistake—there will be someone with money in that fund, maybe even a senior executive.

Rational thought reminds us that leaving an inappropriate fund on the plan menu—and allowing participants to invest in it—is a bad thing. But human beings, including those who serve on plan committees, have a hard time walking away from a “bad” investment.

The Discipline to Document

I’ve heard it said that when it comes to ERISA, “prudence is process—but only if you can prove it.” To that end, a written record of the activities of the plan committee(s) is an essential ingredient in validating not only the results, but also the thought process behind those deliberations.

But as anyone who has ever participated in a group meeting of any kind knows, it’s hard to fully participate while taking notes. And sometimes those notes don’t make sense by the time you get around to writing them up. An advisor can help with that—and that matters because those minutes can provide committee members (both past and future) with a sense of the environment at the time decisions were made, the alternatives presented, and the rationale offered for each, as well as what those decisions were. They also can be an invaluable tool in reassessing those decisions at the appropriate time.

The current emphasis on fees and plan costs, while important, brings to mind a quote by Oscar Wilde, who once famously described a cynic as someone “who knows the price of everything and the value of nothing.”

As an advisor, what are YOU bringing to the table?